Veterinary Botanical Medicine for Swine
Journals publishing peer-reviewed articles on botanical medicine for porcines:
• Veterinary Parasitology
• Journal Swine Health Production
• Research in Veterinary Science
• Animal Science Journal
• Virology Journal
• Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (Berlin)
• Asian Australis Journal of Animal Science
• Journal of Animal Science Technology
• Archives of Animal Nutrition
• Theriogenology
• Journal of Animal Science
• Animal Science Journal
• Journal Ethnopharmacology
• Reproduction in Domestic Animals
• Animal Reproduction Science
• Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology
• Amino Acids
• Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
• Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
• Meat Science
• The British Journal of Nutrition
• Veterinary Parasitology
• Journal Swine Health Production
• Research in Veterinary Science
• Animal Science Journal
• Virology Journal
• Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (Berlin)
• Asian Australis Journal of Animal Science
• Journal of Animal Science Technology
• Archives of Animal Nutrition
• Theriogenology
• Journal of Animal Science
• Animal Science Journal
• Journal Ethnopharmacology
• Reproduction in Domestic Animals
• Animal Reproduction Science
• Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology
• Amino Acids
• Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
• Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
• Meat Science
• The British Journal of Nutrition
In the past two decades, an intensive amount of research has been focused on the development of alternatives to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance however there is limited research validating herbs in general for their potential benefits for pigs and the perfect alternative does not exist (Thacker 2013) (56). None the less plant derived products called botanicals, phytogenics , and also phytobiotics are used extensively in feed to improve pig performance (57). Aside from having antimicrobial activity, these products potentially provide antioxidative effects, enhance palatability, improve gut function, or promote growth (58) .Two of the most common phytogenic substances evaluated in swine include the spices oregano and thyme (59).
Three plant extracts from capsicum, turmeric and garlic have improved immune responses of pigs and feed efficiency of pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (Liu etal 2013) (60) and reduced diarrhea and inflammation caused by Escherichia coli infection, which may be beneficial to pig health (Liu etal 2013) (61). Centella asiatica increases serum haematocrit and white blood cells and mycoplasma immunity to Mycoplasma hyopnuemoniae in swine(Maneewan etal 2014) (62).
Chinese herbs have been investigated in treating swine disease. In China Chinese patent medicines play and important role in veterinary clinical use. Treatment of swine with Wu Huang Hu can significantly inhibit pneumonia in infectious pleuropneumonia (Wang etal 2015) (63). Sophora flavescens and stevioside combined have a beneficial effect on rotaviral diarhhea in pigs (Alfajaro etal 2014)(64), Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract cures rotaviral enteritis with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in piglets (Aljajaro etal 2012) (65). Taraxaumi mongolicum, Viola yedoensis Makino, Rhizoma coptidis, and Radix isatidis were evaluated in combination on newborn piglets challenged with virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the herbs ameliorated the impaired growth performance and lesions compared to controls. The study suggested the mixture could be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent (Kim et al 2015) (66).
In swine reproduction, numerous herbs have been studied for their effects on preserving boar spermatoazoa , examples include Salvia miltiorrhiza and Rosmarinus officinalis which can both protect against peroxidative damage and increase sperm motility and litter size during the process of freezing-thawing (Shen etal 2015) (67,68) . Silymarin has been shown to increase prolactin concentrations and protect against oxidative stress in gilts (Farmer et al 2014) (69).
Petition Appendix IX-G outlines a sample of 20 abstracts of 599 journal articles demonstrating selected publications on botanical medicine research in swine.
Three plant extracts from capsicum, turmeric and garlic have improved immune responses of pigs and feed efficiency of pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (Liu etal 2013) (60) and reduced diarrhea and inflammation caused by Escherichia coli infection, which may be beneficial to pig health (Liu etal 2013) (61). Centella asiatica increases serum haematocrit and white blood cells and mycoplasma immunity to Mycoplasma hyopnuemoniae in swine(Maneewan etal 2014) (62).
Chinese herbs have been investigated in treating swine disease. In China Chinese patent medicines play and important role in veterinary clinical use. Treatment of swine with Wu Huang Hu can significantly inhibit pneumonia in infectious pleuropneumonia (Wang etal 2015) (63). Sophora flavescens and stevioside combined have a beneficial effect on rotaviral diarhhea in pigs (Alfajaro etal 2014)(64), Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract cures rotaviral enteritis with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in piglets (Aljajaro etal 2012) (65). Taraxaumi mongolicum, Viola yedoensis Makino, Rhizoma coptidis, and Radix isatidis were evaluated in combination on newborn piglets challenged with virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the herbs ameliorated the impaired growth performance and lesions compared to controls. The study suggested the mixture could be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent (Kim et al 2015) (66).
In swine reproduction, numerous herbs have been studied for their effects on preserving boar spermatoazoa , examples include Salvia miltiorrhiza and Rosmarinus officinalis which can both protect against peroxidative damage and increase sperm motility and litter size during the process of freezing-thawing (Shen etal 2015) (67,68) . Silymarin has been shown to increase prolactin concentrations and protect against oxidative stress in gilts (Farmer et al 2014) (69).
Petition Appendix IX-G outlines a sample of 20 abstracts of 599 journal articles demonstrating selected publications on botanical medicine research in swine.
REFERENCES:
56 Thacker PA1Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Sep 14;4(1):35.
57 Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci. 2008;86(suppl 14):E140-E148.
58 Jacela JY, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, et al. Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets – prebiotics and probiotics, and phytogenics. J Swine Health Prod. 2010;18(3):132–136. 59 Neill CR, Nelssen JL, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, DeRouchey JM, Dritz SS, Groesbeck CN, Brown KR. Effects of oregano oil on growth performance of nursery pigs. J Swine Health Prod. 2006;14:312–316
60 Liu Y1, Che TM, Song M, Lee JJ, Almeida JA, Bravo D, Van Alstine WG, Pettigrew JE Dietary plant extracts improve immune responses and growth efficiency of pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Anim Sci. 2013 Dec;91(12):5668-79
61 Liu Y1, Song M, Che TM, Almeida JA, Lee JJ, Bravo D, Maddox CW, Pettigrew JE. Dietary plant extracts alleviate diarrhea and alter immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci. 2013 Nov;91(11):5294-306
62 Maneewan C1, Mekbungwan A, Charerntantanakul W, Yamauchi K, Yamauchi KEEffects of dietary Centella asiatica (L.) Urban on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood composition in piglets vaccinated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Anim Sci J. 2014 May;85(5):569-74
63\3 Wang G1, Kang S1, Yin Z2,etal Therapeutic effect of Chinese patent medicine "Wuhuanghu" on porcine infectious pleuropneumonia and its acute and subchronic toxicity as well as evaluation of safety pharmacology. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Sep;40(2):388-96.
64 Alfajaro MM, Rho MC, Kim HJ etal Anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and Sophora flavescens extract. Res Vet Sci. 2014 Jun;96(3):567-75.
65 Alfajaro MM, Kim HJ, Park JG etal Anti-rotaviral effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea. Virol J. 2012 Dec 18;9:310.
66 Kim HB, Lee CY, Kim SJ, Han JH, Choi KH. Medicinal herb extracts ameliorate impaired growth performance and intestinal lesion of newborn piglets challenged with the virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Anim Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 8;57:33
67 Shen T, Jiang ZL, Liu H, Li QW. Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides on boar spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Anim Reprod Sci. 2015 Aug;159:25-30.
68 Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Martínez F, Galé IAntioxidant effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on boar epididymal spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Theriogenology. 2011 Jun;75(9):1735-41.
69 Farmer C, Lapointe J, Palin MF. Effects of the plant extract silymarin on prolactin concentrations, mammary gland development, and oxidative stress in gestating gilts. J Anim Sci. 2014 Jul;92(7):2922-30
57 Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci. 2008;86(suppl 14):E140-E148.
58 Jacela JY, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, et al. Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets – prebiotics and probiotics, and phytogenics. J Swine Health Prod. 2010;18(3):132–136. 59 Neill CR, Nelssen JL, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, DeRouchey JM, Dritz SS, Groesbeck CN, Brown KR. Effects of oregano oil on growth performance of nursery pigs. J Swine Health Prod. 2006;14:312–316
60 Liu Y1, Che TM, Song M, Lee JJ, Almeida JA, Bravo D, Van Alstine WG, Pettigrew JE Dietary plant extracts improve immune responses and growth efficiency of pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Anim Sci. 2013 Dec;91(12):5668-79
61 Liu Y1, Song M, Che TM, Almeida JA, Lee JJ, Bravo D, Maddox CW, Pettigrew JE. Dietary plant extracts alleviate diarrhea and alter immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci. 2013 Nov;91(11):5294-306
62 Maneewan C1, Mekbungwan A, Charerntantanakul W, Yamauchi K, Yamauchi KEEffects of dietary Centella asiatica (L.) Urban on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood composition in piglets vaccinated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Anim Sci J. 2014 May;85(5):569-74
63\3 Wang G1, Kang S1, Yin Z2,etal Therapeutic effect of Chinese patent medicine "Wuhuanghu" on porcine infectious pleuropneumonia and its acute and subchronic toxicity as well as evaluation of safety pharmacology. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Sep;40(2):388-96.
64 Alfajaro MM, Rho MC, Kim HJ etal Anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and Sophora flavescens extract. Res Vet Sci. 2014 Jun;96(3):567-75.
65 Alfajaro MM, Kim HJ, Park JG etal Anti-rotaviral effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea. Virol J. 2012 Dec 18;9:310.
66 Kim HB, Lee CY, Kim SJ, Han JH, Choi KH. Medicinal herb extracts ameliorate impaired growth performance and intestinal lesion of newborn piglets challenged with the virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Anim Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 8;57:33
67 Shen T, Jiang ZL, Liu H, Li QW. Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides on boar spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Anim Reprod Sci. 2015 Aug;159:25-30.
68 Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Martínez F, Galé IAntioxidant effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on boar epididymal spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Theriogenology. 2011 Jun;75(9):1735-41.
69 Farmer C, Lapointe J, Palin MF. Effects of the plant extract silymarin on prolactin concentrations, mammary gland development, and oxidative stress in gestating gilts. J Anim Sci. 2014 Jul;92(7):2922-30
Download the file below to view Appendix IX-G in its entirety. Source links are included for review.
| appendix_ixg_with_source_links.pdf |
